An automatic integrator using Trapezoidal rule

How would you know how many segments to use in a Trapezoidal rule of integration to get an accurate value of the integral?  This can be done by applying the Trapezoidal rule for 1 segment rule, then 2 segment rule, followed by 4 segment rule and so on.  As soon as the absolute relative approximate error (page 5-6) between the consecutive answers becomes less than the pre-specified tolerance chosen by the user, you would have your integral within the accuracy you desired.

Here is a MATLAB program that does that for you.  The MATLAB program that can be downloaded at http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu/blog/trapezoidal_rule_automatic.m (better to download it as single quotes from the web-post do not translate correctly with the MATLAB editor).  The html file showing the mfile and the command window output is here: http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu/blog/html/trapezoidal_rule_automatic.html

% Simulation : Using Trapezoidal rule as an automatic integrator

% Language : Matlab 2007a

% Authors : Autar Kaw, http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu

% Mfile available at
% http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu/blog/trapezoidal_rule_automatic.m

% Last Revised : October 12, 2008

% Abstract: This program uses multiple-segment Trapezoidal
% rule to integrate f(x) from x=a to x=b within a pre-specified tolerance

clc
clear all

disp(‘This program uses multiple-segment Trapezoidal rule as an automatic integrator’)
disp(‘to integrate f(x) from x=a to x=b within a pre-specified tolerance’)
disp(‘ ‘)
disp(‘Author: Autar K Kaw.’)
disp(‘https://autarkaw.wordpress.com’)
disp(‘http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu’)
disp(‘ ‘)

%INPUTS.  If you want to experiment, these are the only variables
% you should and can change.
% a = Lower limit of integration
% b = Upper limit of integration
% nmax = Maximum number of segments
% tolerance = pre-specified tolerance in percentage
% f = inline function as integrand
a=5.3;
b=10.7;
nmax=20000;
tolerance=0.005;
f=inline(‘exp(x)*sin(2*x)’);

% SIMULATION
disp(‘INPUTS’)
func=[‘     The integrand is =’ char(f)];
disp(func)
fprintf(‘     Lower limit of integration, a= %g’,a)
fprintf(‘\n     Upper limit of integration, b= %g’,b)
fprintf(‘\n     Maximum number of segments, nmax = %g’,nmax)
fprintf(‘\n     Pre-specified percentage tolerance, eps = %g’,tolerance)
disp(‘  ‘)
disp(‘  ‘)

% Doing the automatic integration
% Calculating the integral using 1-segment rule
previous_integral=(b-a)/2*(f(a)+f(b));
% Initializing ea as greater than pre-specified tolerance for loop to work
ea=2*tolerance;
% Starting with 2-segments inside the while loop
n=2;
while (ea>tolerance) & (n<=nmax)
h=(b-a)/n;
% Keeping track of used number of segments
nused=n;
current_integral=0;
for i=1:1:n-1
current_integral=current_integral+f(a+i*h);
end
current_integral=2*current_integral+f(a)+f(b);
current_integral=(b-a)/(2*n)*current_integral;
% Calculating the absolute relative approximate error
ea = abs((current_integral-previous_integral)/current_integral)*100;
previous_integral=current_integral;
% Doubling the number of segments for next estimate of the integral
n=n*2;
end

disp(‘OUTPUTS’)
fprintf(‘      Number of segments used  =%g’, nused)
fprintf(‘\n      Approximate value of integral is =%g’,current_integral)
fprintf(‘\n      Absolute percentage relative approximate error =%g’, ea)
if (ea>tolerance)
disp(‘  ‘)
disp(‘  ‘)
disp(‘     NOTE: The value of integral is not within the pre-specified tolerance’)
end
disp(‘  ‘)

This post is brought to you by Holistic Numerical Methods: Numerical Methods for the STEM undergraduate at http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu.

An abridged (for low cost) book on Numerical Methods with Applications will be in print (includes problem sets, TOC, index) on December 10, 2008 and available at lulu storefront.

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